Category: Chapter 1

Dancing through the pain

Dancing in the Kingdom- Table of Contents

Dancing In the Kingdom – Part 1 – Shadows of the Kingdom – Chapter 1 – Prelude

Dancing through the pain

[Bible references: Luke 17:20-21; Hebrews 12; Revelation 21:1-3; 22:1-5]

Right now, it might seem hard to see images of the Dance of God’s Kingdom. We look at the news and wonder where things are headed to. Sometimes we look at our own lives and wonder … If there is a God where is God? What’s His plan for the world – for the church – for us? Then we pick up a book called the Holy Bible and read the stories and wonder how they all fit together. Then we look at the church – well, churches, there are so many of them – and wonder why it’s so complicated and messy and wonder if anybody’s got it right. And, what about me, my story, my mess? How do I fit into it all that?

But hints of God’s activity with His people are there to be found. God has been working through and intervening in the lives of many people that have been dancing the Kingdom Dance through the years, bringing hope and healing to the world. Their stories can be found in the Bible and in the rest of history[1] and sometimes even inserted into the news of the day, in the middle of all the stories of our brokenness.

I dance because it makes me happy! My experience is that when I dance, I can express something from my heart to God that cannot be expressed in words. Dancing is a point of contact with God for me. It gives me an experience of God as the origin of creativity and beauty … “I dance because I want to spread a message of love, joy, hope and faith to the world … Among the dimensions added by the dance expression itself is the meta-message that there is room for the whole human being and life in its fullness in a Christian religious setting. Dance can teach children and adults a body-embracing way of living, believing and being in God’s world. One participant says that through dance in general, “we want to communicate heaven to people down here, the message of salvation, our freedom in God, the joy in God, and the joy of dancing with fellow Christians.” … Through dance these Christian dancers experience and practice their religion in a bodily way. This means that their spirituality takes an embodied form and that dance for them is not only a bodily practice, but also a spiritual one.[2]

Dancing seems to be a human attribute, not necessarily linked to just Christianity[3], it is a gift from God that can be used in the manner expressed here; to be a human means of expressing our God-given joy through our bodies. While dancing can be done alone, when done in community it can help to bind participants together. Joy and community are part of God’s purpose for us. We are tasked as God’s image-bearers to be his representatives and stewards. But our tasks are not to be burdensome but rather they are meant to be joyful. If you will, our tasks are meant to be a joyful dance we do with each other and with our Creator.

For us to dance the Kingdom Dance we don’t have everything figured out, He does. We don’t even have to worry about the results of the dance because the results are not dependent on us but on Him, who is working through us. As much as we have messed things up and will continue to do so, He will ultimately restore us and the rest of creation, making us all into what He had intended from the beginning.

Among all the creatures that God created, we are uniquely made, even if we are not the physical center of the universe as some people may have thought at one time. Through the pursuit of science, we now have instruments that make it very clear that we are not physically at the center of everything, not that we can prove anyway. We are only specks on a small planet spinning around a star in an apparently random solar system in an apparently random galaxy in a universe we cannot even see the edges of. Although we don’t know where the center is, the universe seems to have been created with us in mind. The properties of the universe, the physical constants, the atomic structures, were all created such that it would support our existence.[4] Interestingly, although we are creatures made of the stuff of the universe, not only can we study and reflect on the properties of that stuff, but we can also study and reflect on and even reflect the one who created us.

In the meantime, we do not know when He will return, and we find ourselves in the middle, in-between those two times, between the beginning of the restoration of God’s kingdom on earth and the time when it will be fully accomplished. In this in-between time, sometimes we see some signs of God’s restoration – and sometimes we can’t – and it’s hard to figure out what God is doing, especially when there are times that He seems to be absent. In those times, we need to call upon our faith to hold onto the hope that God is still working out His plans. We need to recall all the times that we did see Him at work, and then we also need to remember that getting to the end of the plans that He intends for us may require some pain on our part just as it required pain on His part. And like Him, our pain will be ultimately overwhelmed with the glory that will be revealed.

Our ultimate destination is not a mere returning to the way we started out, but to the full flourishing of our potential, where God will establish a kingdom of image-bearers released to display God’s character and reflect His glory.

“And salvation only does what it’s meant to do when those who have been saved, are being saved, and will one day fully be saved realize that they are saved not as souls but as wholes and not for themselves alone but for what God now longs to do through them. The point is this. When God saves people in this life, by working through his Spirit to bring them to faith and by leading them to follow Jesus in discipleship, prayer, holiness, hope, and love, such people are designed—it isn’t too strong a word—to be a sign and foretaste of what God wants to do for the entire cosmos. What’s more, such people are not just to be a sign and foretaste of that ultimate salvation; they are to be part of the means by which God makes this happen in both the present and the future. That is what Paul insists on when he says that the whole creation is waiting with eager longing not just for its own redemption, its liberation from corruption and decay, but for God’s children to be revealed.” [5]

With that in mind, we can not only wait and hope. We can participate with God in bringing His kingdom to earth and bringing a taste of healing and hope into a broken world that desperately needs it.

“Within the biblical story, the Christian discovers a constant call for justice on behalf of the weak and forgotten. In the biblical tradition, justice is an aspect of God’s shalom, a notion that carries with it the idea of completeness, soundness, well-being, and prosperity, and includes every aspect of life – personal, relational, and national.”[6]

The suffering and pain in the world can be overwhelming, challenging our ability to maintain hope and persist in our effort as we try to bring shalom. That challenge forces us to focus on the taste of shalom that God has given to us knowing that it is just a foretaste of the fullness of the shalom that awaits us in the fully restored earth.

[1] See Appendix G – The contributions of the Church for some examples

[2] Schurr, Hildegunn Marie T. “Dancing Towards Personal and Spiritual Growth” Nordic Journal of Dance – volume 3, 2012 (pp. 31-40)

[3] La Mothe, Kimerer. “The dancing species: how moving together in time helps make us human” Aeon aeon.co/ideas/the-dancing-species-how-moving-together-in-time-helps-make-us-human

[4] Slezak, Michael. “The human universe: Was the cosmos made for us?” New Scientist, 29 April 2015. www.newscientist.com/article/mg22630190-400-the-human-universe-was-the-cosmos-made-for-us

[5] Wright, N.T. Surprised by Hope, Rethinking Heaven, The Resurrection and the Mission of the Church. Harper Collins 2008. Kindle Edition

[6] Katongole, Emmanuel. Rice, Chris. “Reconciling All Things: A Christian Vision for Justice, Peace and Healing,” Intervarsity Press, 2009 (p. 72)

Reflect

Think about how the universe seems designed for us, our capacity to think about and explore it and then think about our capacity to reflect on the One who created it all. What does that suggest to you about what God has intended for us?

Observe

Read Hebrews 12. What does this passage say about how we should be living now?

Brooding, moving, dancing

Dancing in the Kingdom- Table of Contents

Dancing In the Kingdom – Part 1 – Shadows of the Kingdom – Chapter 1 – Prelude

Brooding, moving, dancing

[Bible references: Genesis 1; Jeremiah 29:11; Romans 8:19-21; Galatians 3:13-14; Ephesians 3:20; 1 Peter 5:10]

In the beginning, God created the heavens and the earth … and the Spirit of God brooded[1] over the face of the waters …

Like a bird sitting on eggs keeping them warm until the eggs would hatch and bring forth new birds, the Spirit hovered, brooded, over the earth ready to bring forth life of all sorts, but particularly creatures that would be like God, creatures that would reflect the character of God: transcendent, loving, wise, fruitful, etc. This is how the story begins, full of anticipation and hope for what must be a grand and wonderful future. But even before the story begins, we may contemplate another mystery, the mystery of how there can be one God and also three persons identified as God: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Spirit. The early church[2] struggled with this concept and eventually, in the second century, a Christian apologist, Tertullian, coined the term “Trinity” to describe this 3 persons in 1 God concept.

However, that tidy little term can mask over the impossible to understand idea of God being one person and three persons at the same time. There is Greek word available to us that addresses the complexity of this three-in-oneness, “perichoresis”[3] which comes from two Greek words which mean “around,” and “to give way” or “to make room.” This is meant to describe the interpenetration or mutual indwelling of Father, Son, and Holy Spirit.

“In that regard the term “perichoresis” (meaning “interpenetration,” “circumincession” or “mutual indwelling”) has been used theologically at least since the time of John of Damascus to refer to the way the three divine persons live in joyful, dynamic communion without merging, loss, or distinction. It is said to be derived from the Greek term perchoreuo meaning “to dance around.” However, the evidence indicates that the term is derived from the different though similar looking perichoreo which refers to “interpenetration” but does not refer to dancing…. this does not mean that the concept itself is inappropriate, as evidenced by those who appreciate its use in that way.” [4]

While this term may be partly helpful in understanding this impossible to understand concept, there is another word that is very similar to another Greek which means “to dance around,” which gives us a word picture of our living and complex God in which the Father, Son and Holy Spirit not only interpenetrate but interact with one another, in a freewheeling but synchronized dance. This means that, as God’s image-bearers, we can reflect the image of the loving, interpenetrating, interacting, and dancing God as we participate in His work of taking care of His Creation and of one another.[5]

This dance which started before Creation, has been joined by God’s image-bearers since the beginning of humanity. It is now our turn. We just need to learn the moves and join the dance.

[1]  Biblehub “Genesis 1:2” Bible Hub biblehub.com/commentaries/genesis/1-2.htm Most translations or this phase use the terms “hovering” or “moving,” but there is also a case for using the term, “brooding,” as in a bird sitting on a nest of eggs.

[2] Van Ee, Joshua J. “The Church in the Old Testament” Westminster Seminary California 9 Nov 2017 www.wscal.edu/blog/the-church-in-the-old-testament The term “church” as used in this book will refer to what may more properly be called the “new testament church.” I wish to make that distinction because the term “church” may be properly applied to all of those who are “called out” to follow Yahweh.

[3] Compelling Truth. “What is the meaning of ‘perichoresis’?” Compelling Truth www.compellingtruth.org/perichoresis.html

[4] Edgar, Brian. “The God Who Plays: A Playful Approach to Theology and Spirituality,” Cascade Books 2017 (e-book) Chapter 9: Kingdom: Playing with God, The Dance of Life

[5] Miller, Darrow. “Perichoresis: Great Dance of God and Creation” Darrow Miller and Friends 16 July 2018 darrowmillerandfriends.com/2018/07/16/perichoresis-great-dance-god-creation/

Observe

Read Genesis 1.  Think of the Spirit of God hovering, moving and brooding over the earth. In your imagination, think about a spiritual being “giving birth” to physical living things, what would you expect to happen?

Reprise with variations

Dancing in the Kingdom- Table of Contents

Dancing In the Kingdom – Part 1 – Shadows of the Kingdom – Chapter 1 – Prelude

Reprise with variations

[Bible references:  Genesis 1; Psalm 8; 111; Exodus 8:16-19; John 21:1-14; Romans 8:19-22; 1 Corinthians 15; 1 Thessalonians 4; 5; 2 Peter 3; Revelation 21-22]

“The creation of the world seems to have been especially for this end, that the eternal Son of God might obtain a spouse towards whom he might fully exercise the infinite benevolence of his nature, and to whom he might, as it were, open and pour forth all that immense fountain of condescension, love, and grace that was in his heart, and that in this way God might be glorified. [1]

God created the universe for his glory, and within that, humans were created to experience the true joy of living, to bear the fruit of His nature, to reflect His presence. We are designed to be image-bearers of God himself, stewards of the creation He inserted us into as we reflect the very character of God. The exercise of stewardship is seen in the process of “subduing” and “having dominion” over the earth (its creatures and it resources), and in being “fruitful” and filling the earth. God’s initial reaction to creating us was, “It was very good.” His intent was that we would fill and take care of the earth, all the while reflecting His character to each other and to His creation.

In the beginning, heaven and earth were joined at the Garden of Eden. It was a place where the Creator could have communion with his image-bearers and walk in the garden with them. The garden was the perfect place for the image-bearers to develop and begin working out the intended future of filling the earth and ruling over it as co-regents with God.

He gave us unimaginable delight and freedom, but that very freedom He gave us was joined to a responsibility, a responsibility that was wrongly used and caused immense far-reaching damage – damage we could not possibly undo – the whole universe is groaning, waiting for to be restored. Our pride-laden rebellion damaged the relationships between each other, between us and God, between us and the world and even between heaven and earth; but God had a plan from the beginning, a plan which is now underway, to ultimately restore what was lost and undo that damage[2] and bring us to our intended destination – an earth filled with and ruled by image-bearers and where heaven and earth are rejoined so that the image-bearers can walk with God once again.

“Jesus’ own teaching during his brief public career simply reinforced the Jewish picture. He redefined a lot of ideas that were current at the time – notably, of course, kingdom of God itself, explained in many coded parables and symbolic actions that God’s sovereign, saving rule was now breaking in, even though it didn’t look like what his contemporaries had imagined and wanted.”[3]

Ultimately, we will be freed from the bondages of sin and death and all the relationships that are now damaged will be restored. In fact, in a timeline that we cannot fully grasp, God waited from the beginnings of mankind until 2000 years ago to defeat the power of sin and death and begin the process of restoring His kingdom on earth. Then He told us that someday, he will complete that process and he will return in the fullness of his glory to fully restore all things at that time. We just don’t know when that will be.

Our hope looks at the resurrection of Jesus as a harbinger of the resurrection that awaits all those of us who will be united with Him in our own transformed bodies in the new heavens and the new earth.

‘… what is the ultimate Christian hope? …what hope is there for change, rescue , transformation, new possibilities within the world in the present … if the Christian hope is for God’s new creation, for “new heavens and new earth,” and if that hope has already come to life in Jesus of Nazareth, then there is every reason to join the two questions together … “God’s kingdom” in the preaching of Jesus refers not to postmortem destiny, not to our escape from this world into another one, but to God’s sovereign rule coming “on earth as it is in heaven.” [4]

Furthermore, our hope doesn’t ask for us to simply wait for that time when the Kingdom of God is fully restored, but that we can be part of God’s plan to bring the Kingdom of God into our broken world.

[1] Edwards, Jonathan, “Works of Jonathan Edwards, Volume Two,” SERMON II. THE CHURCH’S MARRIAGE TO HER SONS, AND TO HER GOD. Ed. John E. Smith, Yale University Press, 2009(p. 62)

[2] Bible Project “Pursuing God, Heaven and Earth,” Bible Project www.pursuegod.org/biblical-themes-an-animated-explanation-of-heaven-earth

[3] Wright, N.T. “Surprised by Hope: Rethinking Heaven, The Resurrection, and the Mission of the Church” Harper Collins 2008. Kindle Edition(p. 18).

[4] Wright, N.T. “Surprised by Hope” Harper Collins 2008. Kindle Edition (pp. 4-5, 18)

Reflect

Speaking strictly from what we know from science, we seem to be random life forms on a random planet in a random spot in the universe. In that perspective, having an anthropocentric view of the universe seems absurd. But knowing what the Creator of heaven and earth has revealed to us, the universe was designed to be inhabited … by us! How does that change your view of the universe?

Observe

Read John 21:1-14. What does this passage suggest about our resurrection bodies?

Interlude

Dancing in the Kingdom- Table of Contents

Dancing In the Kingdom – Part 1 – Shadows of the Kingdom – Chapter 1 – Prelude

Interlude

[Bible references: Psalm 19]

As I was working one warm summer night at a convenience store with the door open, it was not unexpected to see a moth fly in through the door. Normally, moths are attracted to light sources, but this time the moth was attracted to the white top of a garbage container. The moth was distracted by the light reflected off the garbage container. That describes a lot of human behavior; we get distracted by the pretty garbage.

Since the time of Adam and Eve we’ve had the temptation to place ourselves at the center of the universe, dismissing the idea that we did not create the natural beauty of the world around us but that we can possess and control it ourselves, that we are the masters of all we see. We are tempted to dismiss the reality that we are part of a universe we did not create with the idea that we can define the universe which we think revolves around us.

In the meantime, there is a story that began long ago when God brought into being creatures made in his image, a story about his plans for those creatures, plans for them to fill the earth and making the whole earth a place of love and goodness, but a place where that love and goodness would be disrupted by our rebellion. Fortunately, that disruption did not deter God from continuing his plans for his image-bearing creatures and that story is still in the making. That story is now our story.

What can get confused is that this story is contained in the Bible which is often presented as a disconnected story. The Old and New Testaments of the Bible can seem disconnected because of the cultural barriers between us and the testaments. Some people even think the God described in the Old Testament is different from the God in the New Testament.

That disconnect is exasperated by the long and messy history of the church. The church seems very divided on how to interpret those writings and how to live into them, leaving us with a confusion of various interpretations and practices that seem to contradict one another. How is one supposed to make sense of it all?

However, it is possible to obtain a clearer understanding of how both Testaments make one cohesive story, a story into which we can fit. When we see how the unified story than runs from Creation to Revelation, we can then see how we, as part of God’s church, are intended to participate in that story. God did not need to create us or the universe, He did it out of a desire to share his love and delight. God’s creation was more an act of play than of work and He desires that we actively play with him, if you will, to dance with him in His Kingdom.

The Kingdom Dance is not meant to be a solo effort, we are to dance with God and with his people. To that end, while this book can simply be read as a solo exercise, there are additional ways to engage with the material.

  • Biblical references are provided extensively through the book. They are there to support the text. If you read them, particularly the shorter passages, take the time to slow down and let God the Spirit speak to you. The Bible has been described as ancient Jewish Meditation Literature.[1] It is best read when you give yourself time to absorb it.
  • There are extensive footnotes throughout the book. Whenever possible, I have provided hyperlinks to online materials to make the additional materials easily available to you. If you spend time investigating the footnotes, you will notice that I am not drawing from only one Christian tradition, but from a variety of them, allowing the richness of the different traditions to form a more complete story. To form a more complete story I also, particularly in the beginning, will use materials from the “Second Book of God” that is, book of Creation.[2]

“God has, in fact, written two books, not just one. Of course, we are all familiar with the first book he wrote, namely Scripture. But he has written a second book called creation.”[3]

  • For those who are not practiced in studying the Bible, Appendix A gives a summary of techniques that could be used to help understand scripture. This may prove useful for understanding when you study the Biblical references given throughout this book.
  • Reading the material with a group can make the most impact. There are questions at the end of each chapter that ask you to reflect on the material and then read related biblical passages to think more deeply about various issues. These exercises and questions will help you engage with the material by first asking you to think about how each section applies to your life and secondly to share your thoughts with others in the group so that together you can more thoughtfully “Enter the Dance” with God, with all the others that have come before, with those that are coming now and with that will continue to come until Heaven and Earth are reunited.
  • Finally, the best participation will be not to just read and reflect, but to dance the Kingdom dance with God. Part 3 of this book will suggest ways to take part in his activity in bringing healing to the world he loves, broken now but to be finally and fully restored when He rejoins heaven and earth.

The Bible is a complex collection of literature, using many literary styles and techniques and it can be difficult to understand some parts, particularly when one part seems to contradict another. I have found a useful principal in studying the Bible which I call “Conflicts are Clues” which says that any apparent conflict or confusion in Scripture should be handled as clues to look further instead of thinking that the conflicts create contradictions which reduce the integrity of the Bible.

In our age, many regard science and theology to be in conflict. In years past, however, the issue was not about conflict but about which discipline rules over or undergirds all the other disciplines. These ideas were expressed in ways such as “theology is the queen of all sciences,” “math is the queen of all sciences,” “philosophy is the queen of all sciences,” “philosophy is the handmaid of all sciences.”

The biblical perspective is that God speaks to us both through two books, the book of Creation and the Bible. Theology’s main goal is to understand spiritual reality and science’s main goal is to understand physical reality, but both fields can inform the other about the nature of God.

This principle of “Conflicts are Clues” applies not just to the “First Book of God” (that is, Scripture) but also to the “Second Book of God” (that is, Creation) which is practiced by the testing and revisions of theories, but also between the Two Books. During the course of history, the study of the Two Books got separated and some of those in science rejected Scripture and some of those who were Christian rejected science, leaving conflicts unresolved as contradictions. But moving forward, this does not prevent us from considering apparent conflicts between the books as clues to be investigated further.

[1] Bible Project “Ancient Jewish Meditation Literature” Bible Project bibleproject.com/explore/video/bible-jewish-meditation-literature-h2r/

[2] Rusbult, Craig. “How should we interpret the Two Books of God, in Scripture & Nature” American Scientific Affiliation www.asa3.org/ASA/education/origins/two-books.htm

[3] Bacon, Francis. “The Two Books of Francis Bacon of the Proficience and Advancement of Learning, Divine and Human.” The First Book. Section.VI.Paragraph.16 1605

Observe

Read Psalm 19. This Psalm captures a response to what Francis Bacon called the two books of God:  the Book of Creation and the Book of Scripture. How do you respond to the “two books”?

A brief account

Dancing in the Kingdom- Table of Contents

Dancing In the Kingdom – Part 1 – Shadows of the Kingdom – Chapter 1 – Prelude

A brief account

[Bible references: Acts 17:22-31]

The following is an Extremely Brief Account of the Very Long Story.

There was, and is, and will be, a complex person we call God, who exists as three people that we have come to know as the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. God decided that he wanted to expand the love that was shared between the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit. To that end, he created an entire universe so that on one of its planets he could create an abundance of living creatures.

On that planet, he created special creatures, humans, who were made in his image such that they could love him in the way that he loved them. This universe then, would be a form of temple, a place where God can meet with his people. The garden he placed them in was where the dimensions of heaven and earth overlapped. The garden was a place where God’s good and beautiful kingdom of heaven was fully present.

Of course, these humans were not duplicate spiritual beings who were gods themselves, but physical creatures who had enough of God’s characteristics so that they could love in the way God loved. But love is a voluntary thing that we must choose to do, we cannot love unless we have the option to not love.

God placed his first people in a garden and gave them an assignment. They were to be his representatives, priests if you will, in this garden. They were to take care of it as His representatives, His stewards in the garden. Their long-term task was to multiply and fill the earth so that the whole earth would become the place where God could meet with all his people. The entire earth was intended to be filled with God’s abundant provision for his people who would then take care of what God provided, and all the while giving and receiving and sharing the love which God would freely bestow. In this way, the kingdom of heaven would overlap with the entire kingdom of earth and God would freely mingle with his people.

The option to love or not love was provided by a test of trust. There was in the garden a tree whose fruit not only looked appealing but promised to provide the gift of all knowledge if one ate it. The humans were told to trust God and not eat the fruit of that tree. Eating that fruit would not only provide certain knowledge but would also provide death.

The results of that test are now apparent all around us. Death comes to us not only in the form of physical death, the separation of our souls from physical life, but also in the form of spiritual death, the lack of love which separates us from each other and from God. Fortunately, our current situation is not our destiny – and that is what the rest of the story is about.

God intended that death would not merely be a penalty for not trusting (or loving) but would also be the very mechanism by which he would restore us to himself. From the descendants of the first people, God separated out a family through which he would bring blessing to the entire world. Through that family that a nation would be raised and through that nation the eternal God would choose a family to accomplish the inconceivable. In that chosen family, the eternal God would cause himself to be conceived within the womb of a woman who would then give birth to a being who was both fully God and fully human. He would then be raised as a human and eventually would suffer death by execution as a human and then be resurrected as a human.

In that resurrected human body, the eternal God would return to heaven, but before doing so, he invited us, in essence, to represent Him on earth by becoming part of his body on earth. By trusting him and accepting his Spirit, we could join with him in His death and resurrection by dying to our own self-interests and uniting with his loving interests.

He then promised to return to us again in bodily form, at which time the kingdoms of heaven and earth will again overlap. Heaven will be rejoined to earth to fulfill the intention God had from the beginning. But meanwhile, in this time between His incarnation and His eventual return, we are still called to be stewards of our currently broken world, bringing slivers of the light and hope of heaven into a world now very dark with evil and suffering and pain.

Observe

Read Acts 17:22-31. How could we use Paul’s gospel message to people we speak to today?

New Testament Missions

Dancing in the Kingdom- Table of Contents

Dancing In the Kingdom – Part 1 – Shadows of the Kingdom – Chapter 1 – Prelude

New Testament Missions

[Bible references: Acts 8-28; Romans 9-10]

In the Bible, the most extensive effort to bring the Gospel to the world was carried out by Paul. Paul’s efforts are recorded in the book of Acts and in the letters Paul wrote. Paul undertook four missionary journeys. The first journey covered parts of what is now Turkey. The second and third journeys expanded the mission in that area and then also expanded into the area we now call Greece. Paul’s fourth journey was to Rome. [The Bible hints about the possibility that Paul went to the are we now call Spain, but there is no corroborative evidence of that.]

The Bible doesn’t talk much about what journeys the other apostles went on, but there is evidence that the other apostles did their own missionary journeys. According to the information we have, Peter went to Rome, Andrew to the Greek city of Patras, James stayed in Jerusalem, John to Ephesus, Philip to the Greek city of Hierapolis, Bartholomew and Thomas to India, Matthew to Ethiopia, James of Alphaeus to Egypt.

Observe

Read Romans 9:1-19; 10:1-7.  The early church was mainly Jews and did not seek out non-Jews on their own initiative but eventually God directed the church to do so. What would God need to do to convince you to serve in a place where you were not comfortable?

New Testament Church

Dancing in the Kingdom- Table of Contents

Dancing In the Kingdom – Part 1 – Shadows of the Kingdom – Chapter 1 – Prelude

New Testament Church

[Bible references: Acts 1-7]                             

Jesus’ ministry was primarily to the Jews. After Jesus resurrection and return to heaven, the disciples, following Jesus’ instructions, waited for the Holy Spirit to come upon them. That did not happen until ten days after Jesus’ ascension to heaven during the feast of Pentecost.

With the power of the Holy Spirit, the church expanded. For nearly 14 years the focus was on expanding the church through the Jewish community, so the church primarily consisted of Jews who became followers of Christ. The church then was filled with practicing Jews who were also Christians.

 But then God intervened twice to refocus the church expansion to include the Gentiles. In the first case, through visions, God arranged a meeting between the apostle Peter and a centurion named Cornelius. In the second case, God called someone who was a persecutor of the church, Saul, to be an apostle to the Gentiles.

As Gentiles came into a church filled with practicing Jews, some people in the church thought that the Gentiles should also become Jewish in order to then become Christians. But in a church council, the church confirmed that Gentiles did not have to become Jews in order to follow Christ. James, acting as the leader of the council, quoted Amos 9:11-14, to confirm the ministry to the Gentiles.

Observe

Read Acts 2:42-47; 6:1-7. What would you be willing to do in order to be in a church like the one described here?

The genealogies

Dancing in the Kingdom- Table of Contents

Dancing In the Kingdom – Part 1 – Shadows of the Kingdom – Chapter 1 – Prelude

The genealogies

[Bible references: Matthew 1; Luke 3]                              

There are not many passages in the New Testament that the average person tends to gloss over, but there are two places where that happens the most. Two of the Gospels have genealogies that look very different from one another, telling the story of Jesus from different perspectives. Neither genealogy is comprehensive, they are there to establish who Jesus is through particular relationships and to give different messages. It is typical for the average reader to skip over the genealogies when they read the Bible, but sometimes the stories attached to each name make a significant point, and sometimes the names themselves give a particular message. The genealogies are designed to give particular stories.

Matthew[1]

Matthew’s genealogy tells a three-part story that begins with Abraham, uses both Jews and Gentiles, includes women, and ends with Christ.

The list

  • Waiting for the Kingdom – Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Judah and Tamar, Perez, Hezron, Ram, Amminadab, Nahshon, Salmon and Rahab, Boaz and Ruth, Obed, Jesse, David and Bathsheba
  • The Kingdom – Solomon, Rehoboam, Abijah, Asa, Jehoshaphat, Jehoram, Uzziah, Jotham, Ahaz, Hezekiah, Manasseh, Amon, Josiah, Jeconiah
  • Waiting for the re-established kingdom – Jeconiah, Shealtiel, Zerubbabel, Abiud, Eliakim, Azor, Zadok, Achim, Eliud, Eleazar, Matthan, Jacob, Joseph, Jesus

Items of note:

  • Matthew’s genealogy, starting from Abraham, traces a line to Judah to establish royal bloodline. Matthew shows Christ as the Messiah, by tracing the legal line from Judah and then to Joseph. This genealogy established Jesus’ legal rights to the throne through Judah.
  • The genealogy includes women with interesting stories:
    • Tamar was raped by Judah.
    • Salmon had children by Rahab a Gentile who was a prostitute in Jericho.
    • Boaz’s wife was Ruth who was a Gentile.
    • David had an affair with Bathsheba, who was married to Uriah.
  • Includes all the kings of Judah. Jeconiah appears twice (was last king before exile, then was part of exile) Zerubbabel (governor of Jerusalem after the return).
Luke[2]

Luke’s genealogy tells a story that starts with Adam, the son of God and ends with Jesus, the Son of God. Luke establishes Jesus as the Son of Man and goes back through Mary’s line to Noah and then to Adam. Ancient Greek genealogies traced the father’s lineage not the mother’s—but what do you do with the unique virgin-born Jesus? Certainly, Joseph was not his father, so the only logical male name available was that of Jesus’ maternal grandfather, Heli, for he was the last man involved in the genealogical process which led to Jesus. So Heli was the father of Mary, who was the mother of Jesus.

The list

  • God, Adam, Seth, Enosh, Kenan, Mahalalel, Jared, Enoch, Methuselah, Lamech, Noah, Shem, Arphaxad, Cainan, Shela, Eber, Peleg, Reu, Serug, Nahor, Terah
  • Abraham, Isaac, Jacob, Judah, Perez, Hezron, Aminadab, Nahshon, Salmon, Boaz, Obed, Jesse, David
  • Nathan, Mattatha, Menna, Melea, Eliakim, Jonam, Joseph , Judah, Simeon, Levi, Matthat, Jorim, Eliezer, Joshua, Er, Elmadam, Cosam, Addi, Melchi, Neri, Shealtiel
  • Zerubbabel, Rhesa, Joannan, Juda, Joseph, Semein, Mattathias, Maath, Naggai, Esli, Nahum, Amos, Mattathias, Joseph,  Jannai, Melchi, Levi, Matthat, Heli, Joseph, Jesus

Items of Note:

[Bible references: Genesis 5:25; 11:12-26; Jeremiah 22:30; Matthew 1; Luke 3]                             

  • Starts from Adam instead of Abraham, traces Mary’s line to establish Son of God, includes 4 generations born in captivity,
  • Methuselah (oldest recorded age), Shem (the Semitic race),
  • If we translate, instead of transliterating the first 10 generations from Adam to Noah we can read: Man (is), Appointed, Mortal, Sorrow (but), The Blessed God, Shall come down, Teaching, His death shall bring, The despairing, Comfort and rest
  • There is an interesting prophecy in Jeremiah, where it appears to refer to termination of David’s legal line to the throne from Jeconiah onwards. Jeremiah 22:30 implies a BLOOD LINE curse on Solomon’s line. This separation of the genealogies from David resolves the prophecy. With Mary being of David’s blood line through Nathan, the Messiah is from the House of David yet avoids the curse, whilst still claiming the legal claim through Solomon’s line, through Joseph his adopted and legal father
  • The values of the letters in David’s name (dalet=4, vav=6, dalet=4) add up to 14. Matthew’s genealogy is set up in groups of 14.
  • Jeconiah was the last operative King and the first waiting King, he ends the second group, and starts the third.
  • The name Zerah: Meaning: Rising, Dawn; Etymology From the verb זרח (zarah), to rise or break out.
  • The name Perez: Meaning: A Breach: Etymology: From the verb פרץ (paras), to break through.
Mark

[Bible references: Mark 9:35]                                        

Mark is portraying Christ as a servant and so does not use a genealogy.

John

[Bible references: John 1:1-2]                                         

John shows Jesus directly to be the Son of God.

[1] In Hebrew, the Hebrew word translated as genealogies, ‘toledoth’ always denotes father/son relationships, always works forward.

[2] In Hebrew, the word ‘yaghash,’ is used to establish legal rights or obligations; in contrast, it always works backwards tracing an individual’s legal right or duty back to its source.

Observe

Read John 21:15-25.  Which disciple do you identify more with and why, Peter or John.?

Clash of empires

Dancing in the Kingdom- Table of Contents

Dancing In the Kingdom – Part 1 – Shadows of the Kingdom – Chapter 1 – Prelude

Clash of empires

[Bible references:1, 2 and 3 Maccabees; Lamentations 3; Matthew 3:1-12]                                      

As the era of the Old Testament ends

  • the Assyrian Empire took the tribes of Northern Kingdom into exile where they were never to be heard from again in history,
  • the Babylonian Empire conquered the Assyrian empire and then took the best and brightest of the Southern Kingdom to Babylon,
  • the Persian empire overtook the Babylonian empire and allowed those Jews to not only return to their homeland but gave them the resources to begin the rebuilding of the city of Jerusalem and the temple.
  • the Greek Empire overtook much of the world, including the Persian Empire, then imposed its culture and language on all its territories. After the death of Alexander the Great, the Greek Empire split up.
  • Israel is first controlled by the Egyptian remnant of the Greek empire where some Jews were deported to Egypt where the Greek Septuagint version of scripture was written.
  • Then Israel came under control of the Syrian remnant of the Greek Empire whose general desecrated the temple, which invoked a successful rebellion led by the Hasmonean family and Israel become independent for a few years. The Maccabee books were written in this time.
  • the Roman Empire overtook the Greek Empire but kept Greek as the common language of the Empire, which in later years would become the language the church would use to write the New Testament texts as well as many of the texts that were written by the early church Fathers.

At the time the New Testament begins, the “king of Israel” installed by the Roman Empire was King Herod the Great. All the tumult of the times created an atmosphere where there was much speculation about the end of times and the coming of the Messiah. In fact, around the time of Jesus, there were many who claimed to be the Messiah.[1]

There are up to 400 prophecies concerning Jesus that were written in the Old Testament.[2] All the way back in the third chapter of Genesis, when Adam and Eve rejected God’s authority, God started to lay out His plan to have his image-bearing creatures restored to fellowship with Him. The New Testament introduces us to John the Baptist who could be said to be last of the Old Testament style prophets. He is the one who, as foretold by the Old Testament, was sent to prepare the way for Jesus’ ministry.

The New Testament Gospels, which are biographies of Jesus, emphasize the years of Jesus’ ministry leading up to his death and resurrection.

[1] Tabor, James. “Messiahs in the Time of Jesus” This page lists 12 Messiah-claimants between 47 BC to AD 66. Taborblog, jamestabor.com/messiahs-in-the-time-of-jesus/

[2] Appendix D – Prophecies about Jesus

Observe

Read Lamentations 3. In times of silence and grief, what is a cause for hope?

Exile and return

Dancing in the Kingdom- Table of Contents

Dancing In the Kingdom – Part 1 – Shadows of the Kingdom – Chapter 1 – Prelude

Exile and return

[Bible references: Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel, Esther, Ezra, Nehemiah]                                     

When Assyria captured the Northern kingdom, they took most of the inhabitants and scattered them throughout the empire and replaced them with people from elsewhere in the empire. The result was that the 10 northern tribes were integrated into the Assyrian empire and were never heard from again as a people group.

Babylon overran the Assyrians and also captured the Southern kingdom. The practice of the Babylonians was to take the best and brightest, bring them to their capital and train them to work for the Babylonian empire. A couple of the prominent people taken were Daniel and Ezekiel. 

Since it was primarily the people of Judah that were captured and the other kingdoms had essentially disappeared, the people of Israel now became known as Jews. It was while in captivity, that the Jews got serious about preserving their culture. It was while in captivity that they worked on 1) identifying which writings they had would be considered as scripture and 2) developing cultural patterns that would allow them to preserve their identity. It was in captivity that synagogues developed as a way of continuing to worship without the availability of the temple. Interestingly, it also showed how they knew that they could function under the Law of Moses without a temple and therefore without the system of animal sacrifices.

The Babylonian kingdom was then overrun by the Persian empire. The policy of the Persian empire was to allow the captured peoples that were exiled to Babylonia, to return to their homeland. The first returnees rebuilt the temple that was destroyed by the Babylonians, although the new temple was not as grand as it had been before. Later, Ezra would return to re-establish the Law and then Nehemiah would return to rebuild the wall around Jerusalem.

Observe

Read Jeremiah 18:1-10. How does God interact with our decisions?

Earthly kings and the rejection of God as king

Dancing in the Kingdom- Table of Contents

Dancing In the Kingdom – Part 1 – Shadows of the Kingdom – Chapter 1 – Prelude

Earthly kings and the rejection of God as king

[Bible references:1 and 2 Samuel, 1 and 2 Kings; 1 and 2 Chronicles]               

The last of judges was Samuel, who also functioned as a priest. By this point in time, Israel was convinced that their continuing problems were, of course, not themselves. They thought that their problem was that they didn’t have a king like everyone else. Actually, God was their king and Samuel was His representative. But the Israelites were not satisfied with God choosing prophets who would speak for Him. So, God gave them a king, like everyone else, Saul. While it did not take Saul a long time to turn from God so completely that God rejected him, Saul was able to reign for 40 years. David, who was described as someone after God’s own heart, replaced Saul. David expanded the kingdom from the Orontes River in the north to the Sinai peninsula in the south.[1] Solomon, building off of David’s legacy, did not focus on expanding the kingdom as much as building its wealth. Solomon’s wealth increased not only in riches of gold and silver, but also in wives and concubines. His love towards his wives and concubines overrode his love for God, so at Solomon’s death, the kingdom split in two parts.

Ten tribes who rebelled against Solomon’s son, aligned with the northern kingdom, which became named Israel.  Of the other 2 tribes, the tribe of Judah was most prominent. Both kingdoms were eventually conquered by neighboring empires: the northern kingdom by Assyria and the southern kingdom by Babylon.

[1] Archaeologists have had difficulty locating evidence of the kingdoms of David and Solomon. That is due, in part, to the Israelites tendency to adopt the customs of the Palestinian nations, making their artifacts indistinguishable from the nations they displaced.

Reflect

From what we see in the world around us, how often do people take responsibility for their own problems?

Observe

Read 1 Samuel 15:15. What’s the clue that Saul was no longer following God?

Settling into the Promised Land

Dancing in the Kingdom- Table of Contents

Dancing In the Kingdom – Part 1 – Shadows of the Kingdom – Chapter 1 – Prelude

Settling into the Promised Land

[Bible references: Joshua, Judges]                                     

Moses died on the east of the Jordan River. Joshua, one of the 12 spies, led Israel into the Promised Land. After the conquest was complete, the land was divided among the 12 tribes and the tabernacle was moved to Shechem, the place where God promised his descendants would dwell, where Abraham, Sarah, Isaac, Jacob and Joseph were buried.

After Joshua’s death, no one was appointed to be the leader of the people. The people did have the Books of the Law as written by Moses to guide them. God was supposed to be their king. But particularly when things were going well, Israel was inclined to forget about God and not be obedient to the Law. To encourage Israel to return to Him, God would allow some of the neighboring tribes harass them. When things got too bad, the people would complain to God, who would raise up leaders (called judges) to help them overcome their enemies, after which Israel would remember to their old ways. The process would repeat several times.

Observe

Read Judges 2:10-19. What habits did the Israelites find hard to break? What habits are hard for you to break?

Moses and the Exodus

Dancing in the Kingdom- Table of Contents

Dancing In the Kingdom – Part 1 – Shadows of the Kingdom – Chapter 1 – Prelude

Moses and the Exodus

[Bible references: Exodus 8-11; 14-15; Numbers 13-14; Deuteronomy 1]                                      

430 years would pass after the promise was given to Abraham, that his people, now named after his grandson, Israel, would walk out of Egypt. God told Abraham that his descendants would be enslaved in Egypt for four generations[1] before they return to the Promised Land at which time the “sin of the Amorites would be complete.”

At the scheduled time, God called Moses to lead the Israelites out of Egypt, and it would take 10 plagues, including the death of the firstborn, to convince the Pharaoh to let Israel go. Moses led the people out of Egypt by way of the “Red Sea.” The Commandments were given, and the building of the Tabernacle occurred, at Mt Sinai, location uncertain, before Israel would leave for the “Promised Land.”  When 12 spies were sent into the land, 10 of them focused on the difficulty of taking the land, inspiring fear among the people and causing God to consign Israel to wander in the wilderness for 40 years where all the adults 20 and over would die before Israel would finally go into the Promised Land.

[1] LeBrun, Ken. “The 400-Year Prophecy and the Fourth Generation”” Thoughtlines www.thoughtlines.org/2013/09/the-400-year-prophecy-and-fourth.html; BibleAsk “Did the Israelites spend 400 years in Egypt?” BibleAsk bibleask.org/did-the-israelites-spend-400-years-in-egypt/; Glatt-Gilad, David. “How Many Years Were the Israelites in Egypt?” TheTorah.com www.thetorah.com/article/how-many-years-were-the-israelites-in-egypt; Got Questions. “How many Israelites left Egypt in the exodus?” Got Questions www.gotquestions.org/Israelites-exodus.html; It would be 430 years from the time Abraham’s son Isaac was born but the time spent in Egypt would only be for four generations. Linked to that is the apparent size of the Israelite people leaving Egypt. Allowing for only 4 generations in slavery and, starting with a population of 70 people, something less than 10,000 people would have left Egypt with Moses. This helps to make sense of the Biblical events in the Promised Land and also of the archaeological evidence now available.

Reflect

Think of situations where you had to overcome fears in order to spiritually grow.

Observe

Read Genesis 15. Abram was living in the land of Canaanites which the Lord had promised to give to Abram’s descendants, but in a dream the Lord about how Abram’s descendants would first be enslaved and then return to the Promised Land, but only after “the sin of the Amorites reached its full measure. What does that say about how God works in the present day?

The Patriarchs

Dancing in the Kingdom- Table of Contents

Dancing In the Kingdom – Part 1 – Shadows of the Kingdom – Chapter 1 – Prelude

The Patriarchs

[Bible references: Genesis 12-50]                                    

Approximately 2000 B.C., a man named Abram[1] lived in the city of Ur (at that time a coastal city on what is now the Persian Gulf). Abram’s father took his family up the Euphrates River to the city that would be named after Abram’s brother, Haran and settled there. When Abram was 75, God called him to go to another country. When he arrived in Shechem, God told him that this would be the land given to his offspring. Abram did go down to Egypt briefly, but then returned to Shechem. By that point in time, the herds were so large that it was necessary for Abram and his nephew Lot to split up. Abram’s nephew Lot chose to move down to the valley of Sodom and Gomorrah.

When Abram was 90 years old, God told Abram that he would be the father of many nations, renaming him Abraham. But Abram would be 100 years old before his son, Isaac, was born. Abram did have a son, Ishmael, through his wife’s servant, but Ishmael would be sent away, becoming the father of the Arabs.

Isaac didn’t get married until he was 40. He was 60 by the time his only sons, the twins, Esau and Jacob were born.

Jacob had 12 sons and a daughter by 2 wives and 2 concubines. At one point, Jacob wrestled with an angel, who gave him the name, Israel (“struggles with God”).

Jacob’s son, Joseph, was sold as a slave by his brothers to a trader passing through to Egypt, where, through interesting circumstances he became 2nd in charge to the Pharaoh. Years of droughts led to Israel and his other sons moving to Egypt.

[1] To see how Biblical events fit into the history of the Middle East empires see Appendix B, “Timeline for Middle East Empires.”

Observe

Read Genesis 17. Abram was 99 years old and still had no son with his wife Sarah when God renamed him Abraham (“father of many nations.”) and then repeated his promise to Abram 24 years earlier. What does this tell you about patience and faith?

Nations form from descendants of Noah’s sons

Dancing in the Kingdom- Table of Contents

Dancing In the Kingdom – Part 1 – Shadows of the Kingdom – Chapter 1 – Prelude

[Bible references: Genesis 6-11]                                       

Following the introduction of sin into the world, the rebellion of God increased to the point where God saw fit to destroy all of mankind apart from Noah and his family with a great flood.[1] After the flood, the rebellion continued in the form of the tower of Babel where people saw fit to make a name for themselves instead of lifting up God. God responded by confusing their languages which caused them to spread out, and ultimately form different nations.

In general, the descendants of Japheth include the Europeans; the descendants of Shem include the Middle Easterners (including the nation of Israel), and the descendants of Ham includes the Africans, the Amorites and the Canaanites.

[1] Ball, Steven. “A Christian Physicist Examines Noah’s Flood and Plate Tectonics” LeTourneau University http://www.letu.edu/academics/arts-and-sciences/files/plate-tectonics.pdf; McDonald, David.  “The Flood: Mesopotamian Archaeological Evidence” National Center for Science Education ncse.ngo/flood-mesopotamian-archaeological-evidence; Trefil, James. “Evidence for a Flood” Smithsonian Magazine http://www.smithsonianmag.com/science-nature/evidence-for-a-flood-102813115; Isaak, Mark. “Flood stories from around the World” Talk Origins http://www.talkorigins.org/pdf/flood-myths.pdf “There is still some uncertainty about how to correlate the current understanding of the Biblical text with modern archaeology. There is some evidence of a local flood in the Mesopotamian area or in the Black Sea area. There is also abundant evidence of flood stories from around the world.”

Observe

Read Genesis 10 then find a map that show how the nations spread out. (e.g. www.columbiabible.com/2016/06/22/genesis). From which of Noah’s sons might you have descended from?

Scope and direction of sin’s consequence

Dancing in the Kingdom- Table of Contents

Dancing In the Kingdom – Part 1 – Shadows of the Kingdom – Chapter 1 – Prelude

Scope and direction of sin’s consequence

[Bible references: Genesis 2:16-17; 3:14-15, 23; 6:5; Romans 8:19-28]

And so, it happened. The one thing that could create the ultimate catastrophe did happen. The good Creator, who only intended good things, allowed his image-bearers to give into their temptation, to put their own authority above His and violate the one restriction placed before them. This violation by the stewards of His creation broke everything: the relationship between themselves, the relationship between them and Him, the relationship between them and creation. All of creation was affected and is even now waiting for things to be made right again.

Everything in creation had been designed to be good, to reflect the good character of the good God. Creation was designed to be a place where God and his image-bearers could keep on creating good things and bring increasing glory to God. But now, although the ultimate structure of creation was still good, it was headed in the wrong direction. The broken universe would now cause things to move away from God’s glory.

“Anything in creation can be directed either toward ward or away from God – that is, directed either in obedience or disobedience to his law. This double direction applies not only to individual human beings but also to such cultural phenomena as technology, art, and scholarship, to such societal institutions as labor unions, schools, and corporations. and to such human functions as emotionality, sexuality, and rationality. To the degree that these realities fail to live up to God’s creational design for them, they are misdirected, abnormal, distorted. To the degree that they still conform to God’s design, they are in the grip of a countervailing force that curbs or counteracts the distortion. Direction therefore fore always involves two tendencies moving either for or against God.” [1]

In our current times, we can get things so quickly and easily compared to times in the past. We want what we want, and we want it now. Our desire to get what we want now overwhelms our capacity to think of others, as we put ourselves at the center of our part of the universe, replacing God with ourselves. In the case of the first humans, they wanted to grab knowledge and wisdom for themselves instead of waiting to receive it from God.

Everything was broken and separated from God. Spiritual death, the impaired relation between God and His image-bearers was immediate and would be mirrored by the physical death caused by separation of the people who would no longer have access to the Tree of Life. This was a great tragedy that could not be undone, not by the image bearers. But as we look around us, we can see that, despite the tragedy around us, things aren’t totally bad. Even though evil is very evident around us, there is still some goodness that is evident. It is in that observation that we can glimpse the possibility of hope.

God had ordained the penalty of death to be the consequence of turning away from him. Sin resulted in spiritual death, the immediate separation God’s image-bearers from God, nevertheless, the people did not die physically right away. Instead, what God did, was to apply discipline to his image-bearers. He also gave a hint of the solution to the problem created by sin, the first of many other hints that were to come.

[1] Wolters, Albert M. “Creation Regained: Biblical Basics for a Reformational Worldview (Kindle Locations 685-689). Kindle Edition.

Observe

Read Romans 8:19-28. How has sin affected you and the one’s you love?

Confronting our freedom

Dancing in the Kingdom- Table of Contents

Dancing In the Kingdom – Part 1 – Shadows of the Kingdom – Chapter 1 – Prelude

Confronting our freedom

[Bible references: Genesis 3:1-24; Deuteronomy 7:6-14; 30:18-20; Joshua 24:14-16; John 7:17; 15:16]

To be creatures designed in the image of the transcendent creative, loving God, we needed a kind of independence so that we could choose to love – or not love – and to be free to imagine and create wildly new and different things as proper for God’s image-bearing creatures. We were free to do this in a place where everything was very good and designed so that we could flourish. However, that very freedom which gave image bearers the possibilities of independent thoughts, also gave those image-bearers the opportunity to also confront temptation.

While the image-bearers were given the opportunity to meet with God and to walk with him in a specially designed garden, they were also allowed the opportunity for questions. They could even question the motives of the God who made them: 

  • Was something good being withheld from them?
  • Were they being deprived of some power?
  • What would be available to them if they violated the restriction?
  • Would they actually die?
  • What special knowledge were they being deprived of – particularly this knowledge of good and evil?
  • Everything they had encountered had been good, why would their thinking about violating this one restriction not be good?
  • Was the Creator so good anyway?”

Observe

Read Deuteronomy 7:7; 30:18-20; Joshua 24:14-16. The ability to love is not possible without the ability to choose. What did the Israelites choose to love (or not love)?

Biblical eras

Dancing in the Kingdom- Table of Contents

Dancing In the Kingdom – Part 1 – Shadows of the Kingdom – Chapter 1 – Prelude

Biblical eras

The following table provides a quick outline of the different periods of history covered in the Bible and can serve as a guide as you read different sections of the Bible. The table is followed by a brief outline just a bit to help see the larger story whose details are filled out in the rest of the book.[1]

Biblical eventSummary
CreationGod dedicates the universe as His temple, a place for him to be with his people.
SinGod created us in his image, which included the ability to freely love. But we freely to not love God with devastating consequences
NationsGod floods the world and restarts the human project. The beginning of nation forming.
PatriarchsOut of all the nations, God chooses one nation through whom his people can be redeemed. The new nation, which is promised a land of their own, starts with the family line of Abraham, Isaac, Jacob
ExodusGod’s new nation begins its formation in Egyptian slavery and then leads them out to the land he promised them.
JudgesOnce settled in the Promised Land, God raises up people to lead and administer justice
KingsThe people reject God’s kingship and demand human kings like the nations around them. Sin initially causes the kingdom to be split into two and further sin causes the two kingdoms to be sent into exile
ExileThe Northern kingdom is captured by and exiled into Assyria then disappears from history, leaders from the Southern kingdom are brought into Babylon. which is eventually overtaken by the Persians who allow the exiles to return home
Return from exileOnly some of the exilees return. Against opposition they attempt rebuild the temple and the wall around Jerusalem, but not to its previous splendor
IntertestamentThere is a gap between the last inspired text written in the Old Testament and first inspired texts written for the New Testament
GospelsGod takes on human form in Jesus, grows up in Galilee, begins his ministry and then is executed and resurrected
ChurchUpon receiving the Spirit, the apostles begin building the church
MissionsThe church is scattered and begins spreading around the Roman Empire
End timesJesus’ return and His restoration of the Kingdom

[1] For a more detailed timeline see Appendix E – Bible Timeline

Breath to breath

Dancing in the Kingdom- Table of Contents

Dancing In the Kingdom – Part 1 – Shadows of the Kingdom – Chapter 1 – Prelude

Breath to breath

[Bible ref: 2 Timothy 3:16; Romans 15:4; Hebrews 4:12; Psalm 19:7-11]

We say that the Bible is inspired, God-breathed. That is, God breathed His words to the human writers of the Bible, who then wrote down what “God breathed” into them. But how is that revelation, that communication, of God which was written by human authors, breathed into us so that we can respond to the hearing of God’s inspired word and live it out, breath it out if you will, out into the world around us as we participate with God in bringing His Kingdom into the world?

Old Testament authors used scrolls made of papyrus reeds to record his inspirations from God. But making copies of manuscripts was labor intensive and would take a long time, so most people did not have written copies of what Moses wrote. Most people only heard as others read it out loud. Reading out loud in community was the normal way to read until the invention of the printing press.

The people hearing the inspired word then learned to memorize and meditate on what they heard. The Hebrew word for “hear” is “shema.” Shema implies not just passively hearing or listening but also implies obedience. So, to “shema” the inspired Word is not just to hear it but to obey it.

When the New Testament manuscripts began to be produced, the copies could now be put into a codex, which is similar to modern-day books. The codex manuscripts were then more easily stored and carried. But again, few people had written copies and most people still relied on hearing the word and memorizing and meditating on it. The codex technology did allow for the integration of such things as parallel columns and reference notes for the few people who had access to the written Bibles.

The invention of the printing press in the 1400s now allowed copies to be easily and cheaply mass produced so that more people could now have access to the written Bible. It was at this time that the Biblical writings were now divided into chapters and verses. This allowed the average person to more easily refer to specific passages. Before the chapter and verse notations were added to the Bible, people could only refer to particular passages by quoting them – which was manageable if people were in the habit of memorizing those writings. Printed Bibles with chapters and verses now allowed people to use the Bible without as much need for memorizing Bible passages.

The Protestant Reformation’s rebellion against the authority of the (Roman Catholic) church was enabled by the availability of the Bible to the common person. In addition to Bibles, Bible reference books such as concordances and Bible dictionaries were produced, allowing the average person to study the Bible on their own.

When home computers became available in the 1980’s, electronic version of the Bible and Bible references were produced, making those resources more available to the average user. Access to the World Wide Web began in the 1990’s which made even more resources easily available. Mobile devices even added more convenient access beginning in the 2000’s. All these new technologies make it possible to learn and use the Bible in different ways.

In this digital era, I would encourage you to mix old and new, memorize not just search, meditate not just share, listen not just read, do not just hear. As you use different forms of media to encounter Scripture, reflect on them with others in your faith community and work together to make choices out of conviction rather than convenience alone.[1]

We now have many options available for connecting with the Biblical text. But knowing the Bible is not the same as engaging is spiritual disciplines to open oneself to being transformed and to better  know God and it’s not the same as participating with a community of believers building up one another.

[1] Dyer, John. “Bible Apps are the new Printing Press” Christianity Today www.christianitytoday.com/ct/2022/december/dyer-bible-apps-software-screen-printing-press.html

Observe

Read 2 Timothy 3:16. How does the definition of the Hebrew word, “shema,” fit with the statement in 2 Timothy 3:16?

The library

Dancing in the Kingdom- Table of Contents

Dancing In the Kingdom – Part 1 – Shadows of the Kingdom – Chapter 1 – Prelude

The library

[Bible references: Daniel 9:2; Jeremiah 31:31, Matthew 21:42; 26:28; Mark 12:24; Luke 4:21; 24:13-35; John 2:22; 5:39]

The Bible we have now is in one binder, but it was not written that way. It was not written as one book by one person at one time with a series of chapters. The Bible actually contains a library of different texts written by different people in different time periods. Originally, those texts were written on individual scrolls and over time people collected those scrolls to make a little library of scrolls, or what we now call “books.”

The term, “Bible,” comes from ” the Phoenician word for “reed,” byblos.” Later on, that word was transliterated into Greek as “ta Biblia,” which means “the books” or “the library”. After that when the word was translated in Latin as “Biblia” and in English as “Bible.” The Bible then is a collection of “books” which were first written on scrolls.[1] In New Testament times, Christians started to make copies of the Bible texts in a “codex” form, sort of like today’s books. This format allowed multiple texts to be put in a single codex.[2]

The “books” within the first part of the Bible, before Jesus was born, were written mostly in Hebrew over a period of 1500 years and we call that set of books the “Old Testament.” The books written after that were written mostly in Greek over a period of 50 years and we call that set of books, the “New Testament.”  In all the major Christian traditions, the New Testament has 27 books while the number of books in the Old Testament have at least 39 books.[3]

The word testament means either 1) a disposition or will or 2) a covenant or an agreement. We get the term “New Testament” from the book of Jeremiah 31:31(NIV) “The days are coming,” declares the Lord, “when I will make a new covenant with the people of Israel and with the people of Judah.”

The books in our biblical library contain many kinds of literature, there is historical narrative, biography, prophecy, poetry, letters written to and from various people, various kinds of wisdom literature, rules of conduct, instructions for how to build things, interpretations of things previously written. All that complexity makes it difficult for people to figure out how to use the Bible. But at the same time, despite all its complexity, the essence of what we need to know can be known by the average person.[4]

The Old Testament writings centered around God’s covenant of Israel as mediated by Moses. The Hebrew Bible contains 5 books in the Torah, 8 Books in the Prophets, 11 books in the Writings.  In the Protestant version of the Bible, the Old Testament contains 5 books of the Law; 12 historical books, 5 poetical books and 17 prophetic books. The Roman Catholic and Eastern Orthodox version also contain other books which were accepted by the Jews in Egypt but not by the Jews in Palestine[5].

The “New Testament” writings written after the death of Jesus centered around God’s covenant to the world as mediated by Jesus. It contains 4 Gospels (“Good News” about Jesus), 1 history book, 21 letters (some written by Paul to various churches, some written by Paul to individuals, and some written by other apostles to the churches), and 1 prophecy book (which is also written as a letter).

[1] Soroski, Jason. “What does ‘Bible’ mean and how did I get that name?” Bible Study Tools www.biblestudytools.com/bible-study/explore-the-bible/what-does-bible-mean.html

[2] Encyclopedia Britannica “codex manuscript” Encyclopedia Britannia Britannica.com/topic/codex-manuscript

[3] See Appendix C – Books of the Bible

[4] Got Questions “What is the doctrine of the perspicuity of Scripture?” Got Questions www.gotquestions.org/perspicuity-of-Scripture.html

[5] These were known as the Deuterocanonical (second canon) Books, although the Protestants call them the Apocrypha. (See Appendix C – Books of the Bible)

Observe

Read Luke 24:13-35. We don’t know all the scriptures that Jesus was explaining to the two disciples, although Appendix D may provide some of those passages. What scripture passages “burn” in your heart?